Air and Noise Quality Management

Supporting the SDGs Goals

Goal 3:

Good Health and Well-being

Goal 7:

Affordable and Clean Energy

Goal 11:

Sustainable Cities and Communities

Goal 12:

Responsible Consumption and Production

Goal and Performance Highlights Year 2025

Ratch Pathana Energy Power Plant

Goal: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by more than 280 metric tons from standard requirements, equivalent to 10%

Performance

Reduced by 419.38 metric tons, equivalent to % reduction from standard requirements

Goal: Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)

Reduce sulfur oxide emissions by more than 65 metric tons from standard requirements, equivalent to 10%

Performance

Reduced by 56.55 metric tons, equivalent to % reduction from standard requirements

Goal: Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)

Reduce total particulate matter by more than 95 metric tons from standard requirements, equivalent to 10%

Performance

Reduced by 96.15 metric tons, equivalent to % reduction from standard requirements

Sahacogen Green Power Plant

Goal: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by 54.3 metric tons, equivalent to 10% from standard requirements

Performance

Reduced by 116.18 metric tons, equivalent to % reduction from standard requirements

Goal: Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)

Reduce sulfur oxide emissions by 22.7 metric tons, equivalent to 10% from standard requirements

Performance

Reduced by 143.73 metric tons, equivalent to % reduction from standard requirements

Goal: Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)

Reduce total particulate matter by 17.3 metric tons, equivalent to 10% from standard requirements

Performance

Reduced by 82.12 metric tons, equivalent to % reduction from standard requirements

Sahagreen Forest Power Plant

Goal: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by 21.4 metric tons, equivalent to 10% from standard requirements

Performance

Reduced by 194.91 metric tons, equivalent to % reduction from standard requirements

Goal: Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)

Reduce sulfur oxide emissions by 9.0 metric tons, equivalent to 10% from standard requirements

Performance

Reduced by 80.19 metric tons, equivalent to % reduction from standard requirements

Goal: Total Suspended Particulates (TSP)

Reduce total particulate matter by 6.8 metric tons, equivalent to 10% from standard requirements

Performance

Reduced by 23.90 metric tons, equivalent to % reduction from standard requirements

Challenges and Opportunities

The operation of power plants inevitably involves the release of exhaust gases resulting from the combustion of various fuels. Recognizing the potential environmental impact, the Company places a high priority on the strict control and management of air quality—both within the plant premises and in surrounding areas that may be affected by power generation activities.

Emissions released from the power plants are rigorously monitored and managed to comply with applicable national and international environmental standards and regulations. This is to minimize any adverse effects on the environment and nearby communities. In addition, noise generated from the operation of power generation equipment can significantly affect workers, local residents, and surrounding ecosystems. The Company has therefore implemented targeted measures to mitigate these impacts and uphold its commitment to sustainable and responsible energy production.

Management Approach and Value Creation

The Company and its subsidiaries are committed to managing air quality and controlling emissions from production processes to ensure compliance with applicable legal standards, while continuously monitoring and mitigating potential impacts on the environment and surrounding communities.

2025 Targets	2025 Performance
Control air pollutant emissions to remain within applicable legal standards	Continuously monitored and controlled emissions from combustion processes through the Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS), covering total suspended particulates (TSP), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), to ensure that emission levels remained within regulatory standards.
Regularly monitor air quality in communities surrounding operating sites	Conducted air quality monitoring in surrounding communities and prepared monitoring reports for communication to communities and relevant authorities every six months.
Enhance particulate matter control efficiency at biomass power plants	Sahacogen Green and Sahagreen Forest biomass power plants utilized Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) systems with a particulate removal efficiency of more than 99.5%, helping ensure that stack emissions remained within applicable regulatory standards.

Air Quality Monitoring Results of Ratch Pathana and Affiliates Power Plants (2023–2025)

	Average Monitoring Results (Min-Max)			Legal Criteria
	2023	2024	2025	Legal Criteria
Natural Gas Power Plant
Ratch Pathana Energy Power Plant
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) (mg/m³)	0.4-3.52	4.91-13.10	1.30-2.85	≤ 54
Sulfur Dioxide (SO_x as SO₂) (ppm)	0.07-1.3	0.18-0.83	0.01-1.48	≤ 18
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO_x as NO₂) (ppm)	30.5-70.99	17.32-65.7	15.16-82.49	≤ 108
Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) (ug/m³)
Ban Nong Kham Community	-	20.2-27.0	8.0-18.0	≤ 37.5
Ban Huai Lek Community	-	24.6-29.6	<2.0-35.8	≤ 37.5
Nisarat Kindergarten	-	22.8-29.4	10.5-18.8	≤ 37.5
Nong Phang Phuai Community	-	17.6-31.3	9.1-33.8	≤ 37.5
Biomass Power Plants
Sahacogen Green Biomass Power Plant
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) (mg/m³)	5.4-10	1.6-8.6	20-57	≤ 120
Sulfur Dioxide (SO_x as SO₂) (ppm)	< 1.4	3.7-4.3	<1.0	≤ 60
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO_x as NO₂) (ppm)	65.8-77.1	209.4-216.4	124-157	≤ 200
Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) (ug/m³)
Nong Pla Kho Temple	11.4-36.0	14.9-33.0	2.1-24.1	≤ 37.5
San Luang Temple	0.046-0.140	16.5-33.2	2.2-23.4	≤ 37.5
Sahagreen Forest Biomass Power Plant
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) (mg/m³)	39.4-52.8	2.8-11.5	49.2-112.4	≤ 120
Sulfur Dioxide (SO_x as SO₂) (ppm)	<1.4	1.6-3.8	<1.0	≤ 60
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO_x as NO₂) (ppm)	4-72.4	45.1-102.7	0.4-0.9	≤ 200
Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) (ug/m³)
Ban Huai Nam Sai School	35-37.2	1.3-62.0*	3.1-36.7	≤ 37.5
Ban Khui Pom Sub-district Health Promotion Hospital	34.3-37.3	3.6-55.0*	1.3-34.4	≤ 37.5

Note:

* Although these measurements exceeded the standard threshold in certain periods, a comprehensive environmental assessment, which considered stack emission monitoring results in conjunction with meteorological data such as wind speed and direction, indicated that the dispersion pattern of pollutants did not impact the surrounding communities. Therefore, it can be reasonably concluded that the project activities did not adversely affect air quality in community areas. The measured values more likely reflect the general dispersion characteristics of pollutants in the overall area rather than direct impacts on the communities.

with appropriate inspection schedules to minimize noise generation. Tall, dense trees have been planted to serve as noise barriers and windbreaks, enabling noise levels to be controlled within legally mandated standards.

at the noise source within the power plant, in the production control room, and along the power plant perimeter fence. Noise levels are maintained within legal standards, with workplace noise measurements conducted quarterly.

is provided to employees who must work in areas where noise levels exceed 80 dBA. Personnel working in such areas are required to wear personal protective equipment to reduce noise exposure. Warning signs have been installed, and this requirement has been established as a mandatory regulation that all employees must strictly follow.

Noise Quality Monitoring Results for Ratch Pathana and Affiliates, 2023-2025

	Average Measurement Results (Min-Max)			Legal Criteria
	2023	2024	2025	Legal Criteria
Ratch Pathana Energy Power Plant
General Noise Level (Leq 24 hr) (dBA)
Northern Project Fence Perimeter	-	64.4-67.5	63.7-65.1	70
Eastern Project Fence Perimeter	-	60.1-63.5	60.3-65.9	70
Southern Project Fence Perimeter	-	64.9-67.4	65.0-68.9	70
Western Project Fence Perimeter	61.8-64.0	65.9-68.3	63.1-65.3	70
Ban Rai Nueng Area	63.4-64.0	58.7-68.3	56.0-57.1	70
Workplace Noise Level - Personal Noise Dosimetry (Leq 12 hr) (dBA)	78.1-79.9	73.1-77.6	75.7-80.1	83
Sahacogen Green Biomass Power Plan
General Noise Level (Leq 24 hr)
Nong Pla Kho Temple Area	46.6-60.7	48.9-60.4	48.5-51.7	70
San Luang Temple Area	45.8-63.3	46.8-52.6	51.8-56.5	70
Project Fence Perimeter	54.8-65.2	64.5-66.6	59.3-65.3	70
Workplace Noise Level - Personal Noise Dosimetry (Leq 12 hr)	81-82.1	76.1-78.6	75.3-81.3	83
Sahagreen Forest Biomass Power Plant
General Noise Level (Leq 24 hr)
Ban Huai Nam Sai School	47.6-56.7	48.5-67.3	49.2-60.9	70
Si Chumphorn Wirawat Temple (Rai Dong Temple)	65.0-67.5	47.8-65.5	48.9-69.2	70
Project Fence Perimeter	51.3-58.5	64.6-67.4	65.3-66.1	70
Workplace Noise Level - Personal Noise Dosimetry (Leq 12 hr)	78.6-80.3	79.6-82.0	70.3-80.2	83